Detecting sarcasm and verbal irony from people's subjective statements is crucial to understanding their intended meanings and real sentiments and positions in social scenarios. This paper describes the X-PuDu system that participated in SemEval-2022 Task 6, iSarcasmEval - Intended Sarcasm Detection in English and Arabic, which aims at detecting intended sarcasm in various settings of natural language understanding. Our solution finetunes pre-trained language models, such as ERNIE-M and DeBERTa, under the multilingual settings to recognize the irony from Arabic and English texts. Our system ranked second out of 43, and ninth out of 32 in Task A: one-sentence detection in English and Arabic; fifth out of 22 in Task B: binary multi-label classification in English; first out of 16, and fifth out of 13 in Task C: sentence-pair detection in English and Arabic.
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机器学习中的许多基本问题可以通过convex程序\ [\ min _ {\ theta \ in r^d} \ sum_ {i = 1}^{n} f_ {i}(\ theta),\]每个$ f_i $都是一个凸,Lipschitz函数在$ \ theta $的$ d_i $坐标的子集中支持。以随机梯度下降为例,解决此问题的一种常见方法涉及在每次迭代时对一个$ f_i $术语进行采样以取得进展。这种方法至关重要地依赖于$ f_i $的均匀性概念,该概念正式通过其状况编号捕获。在这项工作中,我们给出了一种将上述凸公式最小化为$ \ epsilon $ -Accuracy in $ \ widetilde {o}(\ sum_ {i = 1}^n d_i \ log(1 /\ epsilon)$计算,没有关于条件号的假设。以前的最佳算法独立于条件编号是标准切割平面方法,它需要$ o(nd \ log(1/\ epsilon))$渐变计算。作为推论,我们改善了Axiotis等人的评估甲骨文的复杂性,可分解性下的最小化。 (ICML 2021)。我们的主要技术贡献是一种自适应程序,可以通过切割平面和内点方法的新型组合在每次迭代中选择$ f_i $项。
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动态面部表达识别(FER)数据库为情感计算和应用提供了重要的数据支持。但是,大多数FER数据库都用几个基本的相互排斥性类别注释,并且仅包含一种模式,例如视频。单调的标签和模式无法准确模仿人类的情绪并实现现实世界中的应用。在本文中,我们提出了MAFW,这是一个大型多模式复合情感数据库,野外有10,045个视频Audio剪辑。每个剪辑都有一个复合的情感类别和几个句子,这些句子描述了剪辑中受试者的情感行为。对于复合情绪注释,每个剪辑都被归类为11种广泛使用的情绪中的一个或多个,即愤怒,厌恶,恐惧,幸福,中立,悲伤,惊喜,蔑视,焦虑,焦虑,无助和失望。为了确保标签的高质量,我们通过预期最大化(EM)算法来滤除不可靠的注释,然后获得11个单标签情绪类别和32个多标签情绪类别。据我们所知,MAFW是第一个带有复合情感注释和与情感相关的字幕的野外多模式数据库。此外,我们还提出了一种新型的基于变压器的表达片段特征学习方法,以识别利用不同情绪和方式之间表达变化关系的复合情绪。在MAFW数据库上进行的广泛实验显示了所提出方法的优势,而不是其他最先进的方法对单型和多模式FER的优势。我们的MAFW数据库可从https://mafw-database.github.io/mafw公开获得。
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联合学习(FL)可以培训全球模型,而无需共享存储在多个设备上的分散的原始数据以保护数据隐私。由于设备的能力多样化,FL框架难以解决Straggler效应和过时模型的问题。此外,数据异质性在FL训练过程中会导致全球模型的严重准确性降解。为了解决上述问题,我们提出了一个层次同步FL框架,即Fedhisyn。 Fedhisyn首先根据其计算能力将所有可​​用的设备簇分为少数类别。经过一定的本地培训间隔后,将不同类别培训的模型同时上传到中央服务器。在单个类别中,设备根据环形拓扑会相互传达局部更新的模型权重。随着环形拓扑中训练的效率更喜欢具有均匀资源的设备,基于计算能力的分类减轻了Straggler效应的影响。此外,多个类别的同步更新与单个类别中的设备通信的组合有助于解决数据异质性问题,同时达到高精度。我们评估了基于MNIST,EMNIST,CIFAR10和CIFAR100数据集的提议框架以及设备的不同异质设置。实验结果表明,在训练准确性和效率方面,Fedhisyn的表现优于六种基线方法,例如FedAvg,脚手架和Fedat。
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虽然单图像超分辨率(SISR)方法在单次降级方面取得了巨大成功,但它们仍然在实际情况下具有多重降低效果的性能下降。最近,已经探索了一些盲人和非盲模范,已经探讨了多重降级。然而,这些方法通常在训练和测试数据之间的分布换档方面显着降低。为此,我们第一次提出了一个条件元网络框架(命名CMDSR),这有助于SR框架了解如何适应输入分布的变化。我们使用所提出的ConditionNet在任务级别提取劣化,该条件将用于调整基本SR网络(BaseNet)的参数。具体而言,我们的框架的ConditionNet首先从支撑集中学习劣化,该支持集由来自相同任务的一系列劣化图像补丁组成。然后,Adaptive BaseNet根据条件特征迅速移动其参数。此外,为了更好地提取劣化,我们提出了一个任务对比损失,以减少内部任务距离,并增加任务级别功能之间的交叉任务距离。在没有预定义的降级地图,我们的盲框可以进行一个参数更新,以产生相当大的SR结果。广泛的实验证明了CMDSR在各种盲,甚至是非盲方法上的有效性。柔性基座结构还揭示了CMDSR可以是大系列SISR模型的一般框架。
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在情感计算领域的基于生理信号的情感识别,已经支付了相当大的关注。对于可靠性和用户友好的采集,电卸电子活动(EDA)在实际应用中具有很大的优势。然而,基于EDA的情感识别与数百个科目仍然缺乏有效的解决方案。在本文中,我们的工作试图融合主题的各个EDA功能和外部诱发的音乐功能。我们提出了端到端的多模式框架,1维剩余时间和通道注意网络(RTCAN-1D)。对于EDA特征,基于新型的基于凸优化的EDA(CVXEDA)方法被应用于将EDA信号分解为PAHSIC和TONC信号,以进行动态和稳定的功能。首先涉及基于EDA的情感识别的渠道时间关注机制,以改善时间和渠道明智的表示。对于音乐功能,我们将音乐信号与开源工具包opensmile处理,以获取外部特征向量。来自EDA信号和来自音乐的外部情绪基准的个体情感特征在分类层中融合。我们对三个多模式数据集(PMEMO,DEAP,AMIGOS)进行了系统的比较,适用于2级薪酬/唤醒情感识别。我们提出的RTCAN-1D优于现有的最先进的模型,这也验证了我们的工作为大规模情感认可提供了可靠和有效的解决方案。我们的代码已在https://github.com/guanghaoyin/rtcan-1发布。
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人工智能的繁荣引起了智能/自主导航的密集利益,其中路径预测是决策支持的关键功能,例如,路线规划,碰撞警告和交通规例。对于海上情报,自动识别系统(AIS)起着重要作用,因为它最近已经为大型国际商业船只制作了强制性,并且能够提供船只的几乎实时信息。因此,基于AIS数据的船舶路径预测是未来海洋智能的有希望的方式。然而,在线收集的现实世界AIS数据只是来自不同类型的船只和地理区域的高度不规则的轨迹段(AIS消息序列),数据质量可能非常低。所以即使有一些作品研究如何使用历史AIS数据建立路径预测模型,但仍然是一个非常具有挑战性的问题。在本文中,我们提出了一个全面的框架来模拟大规模历史AIS轨迹段,以获得精确的血管路径预测。通过现有流行方法进行实验比较验证所提出的方法,结果表明,我们的方法可以通过广泛的边缘来优异地呈现基线方法。
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Deep learning models can achieve high accuracy when trained on large amounts of labeled data. However, real-world scenarios often involve several challenges: Training data may become available in installments, may originate from multiple different domains, and may not contain labels for training. Certain settings, for instance medical applications, often involve further restrictions that prohibit retention of previously seen data due to privacy regulations. In this work, to address such challenges, we study unsupervised segmentation in continual learning scenarios that involve domain shift. To that end, we introduce GarDA (Generative Appearance Replay for continual Domain Adaptation), a generative-replay based approach that can adapt a segmentation model sequentially to new domains with unlabeled data. In contrast to single-step unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA), continual adaptation to a sequence of domains enables leveraging and consolidation of information from multiple domains. Unlike previous approaches in incremental UDA, our method does not require access to previously seen data, making it applicable in many practical scenarios. We evaluate GarDA on two datasets with different organs and modalities, where it substantially outperforms existing techniques.
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The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.
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As one of the prevalent methods to achieve automation systems, Imitation Learning (IL) presents a promising performance in a wide range of domains. However, despite the considerable improvement in policy performance, the corresponding research on the explainability of IL models is still limited. Inspired by the recent approaches in explainable artificial intelligence methods, we proposed a model-agnostic explaining framework for IL models called R2RISE. R2RISE aims to explain the overall policy performance with respect to the frames in demonstrations. It iteratively retrains the black-box IL model from the randomized masked demonstrations and uses the conventional evaluation outcome environment returns as the coefficient to build an importance map. We also conducted experiments to investigate three major questions concerning frames' importance equality, the effectiveness of the importance map, and connections between importance maps from different IL models. The result shows that R2RISE successfully distinguishes important frames from the demonstrations.
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